TVET education in Ghana: A complete guide

Key takeaways

• TVET in Ghana provides practical, hands-on training that leads to jobs or entrepreneurship.
• Programmes under the Free SHS and National Apprenticeship Programme are free of charge.
• Graduates are equipped with real-world skills in sectors like ICT, fashion, construction, and hospitality.

As Ghana’s economy shifts toward industrialisation and skills-based employment, TVET is becoming more relevant.

In this guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about TVET in Ghana, why it matters, and how to enrol.

What is TVET education in Ghana?

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) includes all formal and informal programmes that provide practical skills for employment or entrepreneurship.

Unlike regular classroom learning, TVET emphasises real-world, hands-on training in sectors such as construction, ICT, and hospitality.

Anyone can enrol in vocational training in Ghana, whether JHS and SHS graduates, adults or youth looking to learn a trade. The government of Ghana, over time, has introduced several reforms to improve access and quality:

• The Education Strategic Plan aims to make education more inclusive, with a focus on fully integrating Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) into the education system.
• The Ghana TVET Qualifications Framework allows students to progress step-by-step, from basic skills to higher diplomas or even degrees during their studies.
• Competence-based training ensures that students graduate only when they’ve proven they can do the job, not just pass an exam.

TVET addresses the mismatch between educational requirements and industry needs. Many sectors need skilled workers, and TVET helps close this gap by offering programmes tailored to the job market. It also encourages entrepreneurship, allowing graduates to start small businesses in trades like catering or auto repair.

The Commission for TVET (CTVET) regulates these vocational training institutions and issues qualification certificates. The Ministry of Education also allocates funds, creates policies and works to integrate TVET into mainstream education.

SHS vs SHTS vs TVET in Ghana

Ghana’s secondary education system offers students multiple paths after junior high school, including senior high school (SHS), senior high technical school (SHTS), and TVET.

Here are the key differences:

Note: The courses, subjects, and career paths listed in the table above are provided as examples or standard options and should not be considered exhaustive.

Types of TVET institutions in Ghana

You’ll find different kinds of TVET institutions in Ghana, including the following:

#1 – Public technical and vocational schools

The Ghana TVET service regulates these schools, and they are government-funded. It is open to JHS graduates and currently, there are over 200 schools nationwide, including the Accra Technical Training Centre (ATTC) and Kumasi and Tamale Technical Institutes.

#2 – Private vocational training centres

Private vocational training centres are run by individuals, NGOs, or faith-based organisations, although CTVET regulates them to ensure they provide quality training.

Private vocational training centres include Aseda Foundation Vocational Training and 2nd Image International Skills College. Unlike public schools, private training centres offer more flexible schedules and short-term certification courses.

#3 – Technical universities

Technical universities offer higher-level technical and applied science education. Ghanaians can now receive Higher National Diplomas (HND), Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), and Master of Technology (M.Tech) degrees.

There are currently 10 accredited technical universities, which evolved from polytechnics, including Accra, Kumasi, and Takoradi Technical Universities.

#4 – Community development vocational institutes (CDVTI)

CDVTIs are available to people who can’t afford tertiary education or travel outside their local communities. The Ministry of Local Government manages these institutions.

They exist to provide accessible training in trades like interior decoration, baking, dressmaking, or soap making to rural and underserved populations. There are several CDVTIs in Ghana, including Adidome CDVTI, Kpando CDVTI, and Amasaman CDVTI.

#5 – Apprenticeship-based TVET systems

Under apprenticeship-based systems, apprentices learn from master craftspersons for 2 to 4 years. They acquire skills such as tailoring, hairdressing, and auto repairs.

It is supported by government programmes such as the National Apprenticeship Policy and the Ghana TVET Voucher Project (GTVP). These policies provide the following benefits:

• Subsidised and free training
• NVTI certification
• Business coaching
• Monthly stipends and startup support

Entry requirements and application process

As a JHS student, you need a BECE certificate with passes in Mathematics, English, and Science, with an aggregate of 6 to 30. Placement is through the CSSPS portal, just like SHS.

For SHS students, you need your WASSCE results with credit passes in English, Maths, and at least four other relevant subjects. You can apply for HND programmes, technical universities or universities of applied sciences.

Mature students (25 years and above) with relevant work experience can also apply through Recognition of Prior Learning, even if they do not hold WASSCE or BECE certificates.

Post-secondary applicants should apply via the specific school’s portal. Visit the CTVET website or the Ghana TVET Service website and browse accredited schools and programmes. Then, visit the selected school’s website to apply, either in person or online.

Individuals interested in becoming apprentices must contact their chosen mentor directly. All agreements, including any fees or tools required, are arranged between the apprentice and the mentor.

However, to join the National Apprenticeship Programme, which is free, complete this application form.

How to fund TVET education in Ghana

TVET education in public institutions is more affordable due to government subsidies. Short courses can cost around GHS 300-800, certificates GHS 1,000-2,000, and diplomas or HNDs GHS 1,500-3,000 annually.

Private schools charge more. You also need to budget for registration fees, examination fees, tools, and materials.

If tuition is a challenge, there are scholarships:

• GTVP provides free training in trades such as welding and plumbing.
• The Ghana Skills Development Fund supports women, youth, and people in rural regions.
• NGOs such as CAMFED Ghana, Soronko Foundation, and the Mastercard Foundation, through its Young Africa Works initiative, also offer scholarships to students.

In addition to scholarships, TVET programmes are free under the free SHS scheme. Students don’t pay for tuition, registration, practical kits, textbooks, accommodation, or meals. The National Apprenticeship Programme is also free, with monthly stipends and startup support after training.

How to choose the right TVET school?

When choosing a TVET school, consider the following tips:

• Ensure CTVET accredits the school.
• Choose schools offering in-demand programmes.
• Verify if the school has the necessary infrastructure, including workshops and training labs.

Challenges of Ghana’s TVET education

Despite progress, TVET in Ghana still faces key challenges:

• Some institutions lack modern equipment and instructors, making practical learning difficult for students.
• Irregular funding from the government hinders institutions’ ability to maintain quality and provide necessary training materials.
• Many still view TVET as a last resort, which reduces enrollment.
• Some programs don’t align with industry needs, leading to graduate unemployment.

FAQs

Who can enrol in a TVET institution in Ghana?

JHS and SHS graduates, adults upgrading or switching careers, or anyone looking to learn a trade can enrol in TVET institutions in Ghana.

How do I check if a TVET school in Ghana is accredited?

To check if a TVET school in Ghana is accredited, visit the CTVET or Ghana TVET Service website and select TVET Providers. Choose your desired sector (e.g., formal, informal) to view the list of accredited schools.

Can I get a job or start a business after completing TVET training?

Yes. Graduates can work in various industries, such as construction, fashion, catering, IT, or start their own businesses after completing TVET training.

Conclusion

TVET isn’t a backup plan. It can help you build a successful career, whether you’re interested in tech, healthcare, or the arts. We implore parents to support their children when they express interest in vocational training.

We’d love to hear your questions. Please share them in the comments below.